Indole production is negative. Arthrobacter histidinolovorans has been reported to utilize L-histidinol as carbon and nitrogen source. Gram positive short bacilli - become coccoid in culture (aerobic) Clinical Significance. It was also not grown in pure culture from a sample from a patient with calcaneus osteomyelitis or in a pure culture from a vaginal swab. Busse, H.-J. In 1884, the staining method was invented by Hans Christian Gram. Arthrobacter have a distinctive method of cell division called "snapping division" or reversion in which the outer bacterial cell wall ruptures at a . Fuglsang‐Damgaard D, Nielsen CH, Mandrup E, Fuursted K. The use of Gram stain and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry on positive blood culture: synergy between new and old technology. Size: 0.4-0.8 micrometers by 1.0-4.0 micrometers. In older cultures, rods are shorter and cocci may occur, but a marked rod-coccus cycle does not occur. Two novel cold-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, LI2(T) and LI3(T), were isolated from moss-covered soil from Livingston Island, Antarctica, near the Bulgarian station St Kliment Ohridski. For gram staining I needed a microscope slide, a staining tray, DI water, a sterile loop to start off with. 1969 Arthrobacter luteus nov. sp. The Gram reaction was determined using a Gram Stain kit (Difco) according to the manufacturer s instructions. Arthrobacter sp. The members of the genus Arthrobacter are Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and rod-coccus-shaped, and have a high DNA G+C content [ 3 ]. Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus (strain A6) is a Gram-positive actinobacterium capable of mineralizing several substituted phenols such as 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and phenol as a sole source of carbon and energy under mesophilic (28 1 degrees Celsius) as well as under psychrophilic (5 1 . 16S sequence. Arthrobacter agilis (Ali-Cohen 1889) Koch et al. They have a complex life cycle marked by two distinct stages. Parent taxon: Micrococcaceae Pribram 1929 (Approved Lists 1980) Assigned by: Busse HJ. The strain was Gram-staining- and catalase-positive and contained lysine and alanine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The genera Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Two novel bacterial strains were isolated from a paddy soil sample collected in Japan using GPM agar plates supplemented with superoxide . Among 50 strains of large-colony-forming, whitish-grayish, non-cheese-like-smelling, nonfermentative Gram-stain-positive rods encountered from human clinical specimens, Mages et al. 1995. Gram-stain. The actinobacterial genus Arthrobacter [1, 2] including the type species Arthrobacter globiformis, is a member of the family Micrococcaceae.Phenotypically, almost all species of this genus were reported to share characters such as obligate requirement of oxygen for their growth, exhibiting Gram-positive reaction on Gram staining, negative acidification of glucose, non-motility . gram-positive bacteria but not acid-alcohol fast, not fungi and occur in the same habitats as fungi and are superficially similar (Ikeda et al., 2003). The Gram staining method was first described in 1844 by the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, after whom the test was named.The Gram staining test for bacteria is one of the most important tests in microbiology and is often one of the first tests performed in the identification of bacteria. Thus it can show a negative Gram stain in the first 30 . In addition to their morphological characteristic, members of Genus Arthrobacter are originally described as highly aerobic bacteria, nutritionally non exacting, and capable of liquefying gelatin . NCBI Superkingdom Bacteria: NCBI Kingdom NCBI Phylum . All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase. they cause a fatal disease in lobsters. -The reason for using young culture when doing a Gram stain is that there is a slight increase toward gram-negative of Actinomyces - Arthrobacter - Corynebacterium - Mycobacterium - Propionibacterium group as time increased. Information on the name and the taxonomic classification. Growth occurs at 20-40 ℃ (optimum 30-35 ℃), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-5.0% NaCl (optimum 1.0%). The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. This waxy coat protects the bacteria from some antibiotics, prevents them from drying out, and blocks penetration by Gram stain reagents (see Staining Microscopic Specimens ). At the completion of the Gram stain the gram-positive cell is purple and the gram-negative cell is pink to red. Arthrobacter arilaitensis (strain DSM 16368 / CIP 108037 / JCM 13566 / Re117) is an aerobic, non spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the surfaces of smear-ripened cheese (French cheese "Reblochon") cultivated on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar and incubated at 28 degrees Celsius. Arthrobacter phenanthrenivorans is the type species of the genus, and is able to metabolize phenanthrene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The results of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolate from other closely related species of the 'pink A. agilis group'. produced. identified 38 strains of the genus Arthrobacter. Arthrobacter: ( ar'thrō-bak'ter ), A genus of strictly aerobic, gram-positive bacteria (family Corynebacteriaceae) the cells of which undergo a change from a coccoid form to a rod shape following transfer to fresh complex growth medium. A Gram-staining positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated as DCY72T, was isolated from the soil of Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. Micrococcus agilis. Short, small gram-positive rods were seen in the direct Gram stain of a sample of infected amniotic fluid. Two Arthrobacter strains, CA15-8T and CA15-9, were isolated from soil, under alkali conditions, and characterized phenotypically, chemotaxonomically and genetically. A rod-coccus cycle was observed for both strains. Name and taxonomic classification. Arthrobacter alpinus S6-3 is an aerobe, gram-positive, ovoid-shaped bacterium that was isolated from alpine soil, north slope, 2300 m above sea level. The strain is a facultative, non-motile aer-obe with characteristic morphology of rod-shaped cells (Figure 2) that become coccoid in stationary phase. The polar lipids of strain AM23 T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. Arthrobacter russicus A 1-3 is an aerobe, mesophilic, Gram-positive Actinobacterium that was isolated from air in the russian space laboratory Mir. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and . identified 38 strains of the genus Arthrobacter. Arthrobacter Bifidobacterium Brevibacterium . Investigations into the 16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) made it possible to group Corynebacterium into the subdivision of Gram-positive bacterium whose genome contains a high G:C content, around 67% (Sanli et al., 2001), and who have a close relationship phylogenetically, with Arthrobacter, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Streptomyces (Woese, 1987). Arthrobacter is a common genus of Gram-positive, obligate aerobic soil bacteria characterized by pleomorphism and Gram variability. Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6. Catalase, oxidase, and nitrate reduction are positive. sedimenti, of sediment) Cells are Gram-stain positive, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped (1.0-1.5 × 3.5-4.0 µm). A. schaalii, growth on chocolate agar after 3 days, from blood culture specimen. A bacterial strain, SPC26(T), was isolated from a sediment sample of the Southern Ocean off Antarctica. adj. Strain KR32 T was a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive and coccus-shaped bacterium with optimal growth at 27-30 °C and pH 8. Although primarily found in soil, species identified as belonging to this genus have been found in the . "Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato and proposal to reclassify selected Arthrobacter species in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter . Figure 2. Gram stain of Actinobaculum schaalii, grown in anaerobic blood culture bottle. Arthrobacter globiformis is an actinobacterium that is present in soil. Arthrobacter: Isolation and Identification Maes 5 DNA isolation with enzymes removing extracellular debris from isolating DNA and running DNA through a gel and a basic search through a database. Psychrotrophic strains increase during long-term storage of refrigerated raw milk. after 24 h of incubation at 35 ºC on blood agar. aerobe. They are characterized by pleomorphism (variable shape) and Gram variability (staining positive or negative) although genetically they branch from the Gram-positive phylum Actinobacteria. Micrococcus Luteus Gram Stain Tests. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15: 0 and iso-C 15: 0 . Then I did the endospores test in which I was negative for so Genus Arthrobacter, . The newly formed Arthrobacter Globiformis is a bacillus and is lengthier and skinnier than its elder form. Arthrobacter histidinolovorans is aerobic. Morphology: Slender, irregular rods in young cultures, arranged singly or in pairs. The differentiation is based on the detection of the oxidase enzymes. Bacteria. The Gram-stain reaction of the blue bacterium varies with the cyclic alteration in shape and size. Figure 3. Acetyl methyl carbinol is not produced from glucose nor is ammonia generated from arginine. Colonies are slightly convex, smooth, creamy or sticky consistency, whitish-grayish, up to 2 mm in diameter and slightly glistening after 24 h of incubation at 37 ºC in 5% Arthrobacter sedimenti (N.L. Arthrobacter globiformis NBRC 12137: NCBI Tax ID 1077972. Micrococcaceae (Figure 1, Table 1). Gram stain was assessed as described in Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology (GERHARDT, 1994).Growth of bacterial isolates was tested at different temperatures: 0, 4, 10, 15 ,23 , 30 and 37 °C on SWCm medium. B6 is a Gram-positive, non-motile, facultative aerobic bacterium, isolated from the arsenic-contaminated L. lactis is found naturally in raw milk and milk products, but these cells were grown in culture. NCBI Superkingdom Bacteria: NCBI Kingdom NCBI Phylum . Genus Arthrobacter TAS [1, 2] Species Arthrobacter agilis TAS [9] Strain L77 NAS Gram stain Positive IDA Cell shape Polymorphic: Coccus to rod shaped IDA Motility Non-motile TAS [9] Sporulation Non-sporulating TAS [9] Temperature range −10 °C −30 °C IDA Optimum temperature 15 °C IDA pH range; Optimum 6-9, 7 IDA Carbon source Yeast . Among 50 strains of large-colony-forming, whitish-grayish, non-cheese-like-smelling, nonfermentative Gram-stain-positive rods encountered from human clinical specimens, Mages et al. Whitish-large colonies were subcultured and used for further testing. Arthrobacter protophormiae was the most closely related species in the phylogenetic tree, and this species also showed the highest sequence homology value (97%) with GIFU 12498. Negative = 0, Positive = 1, Indeterminate = 2. Most strains of Streptococcus which are responsible for diseases are hemolytic on Blood Agar. 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